home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- !==
- !== DHCP-Server-Configuration.txt for Samba release 1.9.18p10 20 Aug 1998
- !==
- Subject: DHCP Server Configuration for SMB Clients
- Date: March 1, 1998
- Contributor: John H Terpstra <jht@samba.anu.edu.au>
- Support: This is an unsupported document. Refer to documentation that is
- supplied with the ISC DHCP Server. Do NOT email the contributor
- for ANY assistance.
- ===============================================================================
-
- Background:
- ===========
-
- We wish to help those folks who wish to use the ISC DHCP Server and provide
- sample configuration settings. Red Hat Linux 5.0 is one operating system that
- comes supplied with the ISC DHCP Server.
-
- Incorrect configuration of MS Windows clients (Windows95, Windows NT Server and
- Workstation) will lead to problems with browsing and with general network
- operation. Windows95 users often report problems where the TCP/IP and related
- network settings will inadvertantly become reset at machine start-up resulting
- in loss of configuration settings. This results in increased maintenance
- overheads as well as serious user frustration.
-
- In recent times users on one mailing list oncorrectly attributed the cause of
- network operating problems to incorrect configuration of Samba.
-
- One userinsisted that the only way to provent Windows95 from periodically
- performing a full system reset and hardware detection process on start-up was
- to install the NetBEUI protocol in addition to TCP/IP.
-
- In the first place, there is NO need for NetBEUI. All Microsoft Windows clients
- natively run NetBIOS over TCP/IP, and that is the only protocol that is
- recognised by Samba. Installation of NetBEUI and/or NetBIOS over IPX will
- cause problems with browse list operation on most networks. Even Windows NT
- networks experience these problems when incorrectly configured Windows95
- systems share the same name space. It is important that only those protocols
- that are strictly needed for site specific reasons should EVER be installed.
-
- Secondly, and totally against common opinion, DHCP is NOT an evil design but is
- an extension of the BOOTP protocol that has been in use in Unix environments
- for many years without any of the melt-down problems that some sensationalists
- would have us believe can be experienced with DHCP. In fact, DHCP in covered by
- rfc1541 and is a very safe method of keeping an MS Windows desktop environment
- under control and for ensuring stable network operation.
-
- While it is true that the Microsoft DHCP server that comes with Windows NT
- Server provides only a sub-set of rfc1533 functionality this is hardly an issue
- in those sites that already have a large investment and commitment to Unix
- systems and technologies. The current state of the art of the DHCP Server
- specification in covered in rfc2132.
-
- This document aims to provide enough background information so that the
- majority of site can without too much hardship get the Internet Software
- Consortium's (ISC) DHCP Server into operation. The key benefits of using DHCP
- includes:
-
- 1) Automated IP Address space management and maximised re-use of available IP
- Addresses,
-
- 2) Automated control of MS Windows client TCP/IP network configuration,
-
- 3) Automatic recovery from start-up and run-time problems with Windows95.
-
-
-
- Client Configuration for SMB Networking:
- ========================================
- SMB network clients need to be configured so that all standard TCP/IP name to
- address resolution works correctly. Once this has been achieved the SMB
- environment provides additional tools and services that act as helper agents in
- the translation of SMB (NetBIOS) names to their appropriate IP Addresses. One
- such helper agent is the NetBIOS Name Server (NBNS) or as Microsoft called it
- in their Windows NT Server implementation WINS (Windows Internet Name Server).
-
- A client needs to be configured so that it has a unique Machine (Computer)
- Name. This can NOT be done via DHCP and must be assigned when MS Windows
- networking is first installed. All remaining TCP/IP networking parameters can
- be assigned via DHCP. These include:
-
- a) IP Address,
- b) Netmask,
- c) Gateway (Router) Address,
- d) DNS Domain Name,
- e) DNS Server addresses,
- f) WINS (NBNS) Server addresses,
- g) IP Forwarding,
- h) Timezone offset,
- i) Node Type,
-
- Other assignments can be made from a DHCP server too, but the above cover the
- major needs.
-
-
- DHCP Server Installation:
- =========================
- It is assumed that you will have obtained a copy of the GPL'd ISC DHCP server
- source files from ftp://ftp.isc.org/pub/dhcp, it is also assumed that you have
- compiled the sources and have installed the binary files.
-
- The following simply serves to provide sample configuration files to enable
- dhcpd to operate. The sample files assume that your site is configured to use
- private IP network address space using the Class B range of 172.16.1.0 -
- 172.16.1.255 and is using a netmask of 255.255.255.0 (ie:24 bits). It is
- assumed that you router to the outside world is at 172.16.1.254 and that your
- Internet Domain Name is bestnet.com.au. The IP Address range 172.16.1.100 to
- 172.16.1.240 has been set aside as your dynamically allocated range. In
- addition, bestnet.com.au have two print servers that need to obtain settings
- via BOOTP. The machine linux.bestnet.com.au has IP address 172.16.1.1 and is
- you primary Samba server with WINS support enabled by adding the parameter to
- the /etc/smb.conf file: [globals] wins support = yes. The dhcp lease time will
- be set to 20 hours.
-
- Configuration Files:
- ====================
- Before dhcpd will run you need to install a file that speifies the
- configuration settings, and another that holds the database of issued IP
- addresses. On many systems these are stored in the /etc directory on the Unix
- system.
-
- Example /etc/dhcpd.conf:
- ========================
- server-identifier linux.bestnet.com.au;
-
- subnet 172.16.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
- range 172.16.1.100 172.16.1.240;
- default-lease-time 72000;
- max-lease-time 144000;
- option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
- option broadcast-address 172.16.1.255;
- option routers 172.16.1.254;
- option domain-name-servers 172.16.1.1, 172.16.1.2;
- option domain-name "bestnet.com.au";
- option time-offset 39600;
- option ip-forwarding off;
- option netbios-name-servers 172.16.0.1;
- option netbios-dd-server 172.16.0.1;
- option netbios-node-type 8;
- }
-
- group {
- next-server 172.16.1.10;
- option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
- option domain-name "bestnet.com.au";
- option domain-name-servers 172.16.1.1, 172.16.0.2;
- option netbios-name-servers 172.16.0.1;
- option netbios-dd-server 172.16.0.1;
- option netbios-node-type 8;
- option routers 172.16.1.240;
- option time-offset 39600;
- host lexmark1 {
- hardware ethernet 06:07:08:09:0a:0b;
- fixed-address 172.16.1.245;
- }
- host epson4 {
- hardware ethernet 01:02:03:04:05:06;
- fixed-address 172.16.1.242;
- }
- }
-
-
- Creating the /etc/dhcpd.leases file:
- ====================================
- At a Unix shell create an empty dhcpd.leases file in the /etc directory.
- You can do this by typing: cp /dev/null /etc/dhcpd.leases
-
-
- Setting up a route table for all-ones addresses:
- ================================================
- Quoting from the README file that comes with th eISC DHCPD Server:
-
- BROADCAST
-
- In order for dhcpd to work correctly with picky DHCP clients (e.g.,
- Windows 95), it must be able to send packets with an IP destination
- address of 255.255.255.255. Unfortunately, Linux insists on changing
- 255.255.255.255 into the local subnet broadcast address (here, that's
- 192.5.5.223). This results in a DHCP protocol violation, and while
- many DHCP clients don't notice the problem, some (e.g., all Microsoft
- DHCP clients) do. Clients that have this problem will appear not to
- see DHCPOFFER messages from the server.
-
- It is possible to work around this problem on some versions of Linux
- by creating a host route from your network interface address to
- 255.255.255.255. The command you need to use to do this on Linux
- varies from version to version. The easiest version is:
-
- route add -host 255.255.255.255 dev eth0
-
- On some older Linux systems, you will get an error if you try to do
- this. On those systems, try adding the following entry to your
- /etc/hosts file:
-
- 255.255.255.255 all-ones
-
- Then, try:
-
- route add -host all-ones dev eth0
-
-
- For more information please refer to the ISC DHCPD Server documentation.
-